The Youth Workers’ Circle “Kvēle”

“Kvēle” (Verve) member and Cēsis printing house worker Volfrīds Vīksne secretly smuggled type letters out of the Cēsis printing house, which were then delivered to Valmiera with the help of Aļis Blanks to help Emma Plūme set up an underground printing house for publishing revolutionary materials.

Volfrīds Vīksne and Felikss Lindiņš distributed proclamations during the German occupation and secretly raised red flags in trees, risking their freedom and possibly even their lives.

Facts

  • 1917: Felikss Lindiņš, together with other young Bolsheviks, founds the youth workers’ circle “Kvēle” in Cēsis.
  • February 1918: Some “Kvēle” members are arrested and placed under police supervision; the circle’s activities are briefly interrupted.
  • March 1918: Felikss Lindiņš makes contact with Emma Plūme, a representative of the society Videna.
  • December 1918: “Kvēle” resumes its activities in Cēsis.
  • March 1919: The 1st Congress of Latvian Youth Workers takes place in Riga, with “Kvēle” representatives in attendance.
  • 3 May 1919: A district conference of youth workers is held in the hall of Cēsis Gymnasium.
  • May 1919: Most of the active “Kvēle” members evacuate to Soviet Russia.

In the autumn of 1917, when Latvia was caught up in a whirlwind of political change, Cēsis Realschule student Felikss Lindiņš, together with fellow young Bolsheviks — Pauls Vīksne, Pēteris Ustups, Alfrēds Menģelis, and Voldemārs Ozols — founded the youth workers’ circle “Kvēle” in Cēsis, which operated under Bolshevik party leadership. The organisation became an important platform for young people who wanted change, and through effective political agitation they were drawn into the revolutionary movement.

“Kvēle” was more than just a political organisation — it became a place where young people could both learn and socialise. The circle had social-scientific, drama, and games sections, offering a wide range of activities. Party members gave lectures on political and scientific topics, while the drama and games sections were full of fun and creativity, attracting many young people. Particularly popular were the question evenings, where lively debates took place with the participation of realschule and gymnasium students who were not yet “Kvēle” members — you could say these were Cēsis’s first brainstorming sessions, just with a revolutionary twist!

Some Latvian riflemen stationed in Cēsis also took an active part in the circle’s work, further strengthening its militantly revolutionary spirit. Working closely with the Bolshevik party, “Kvēle” actively took part in election campaigns and other public events.

The most prominent figures in “Kvēle” were its ideological leaders and mentors. Pauls Vīksne, a student at the Tartu Teachers’ Institute and later head of the Cēsis District Militia, used his outstanding speaking skills to passionately explain political events to young people and became a well-respected mentor. But the true soul of “Kvēle” was and always remained Felikss Lindiņš — an outgoing, straightforward, principled, energetic, and warm-hearted young man who skilfully organised and led the circle’s work. If you needed to find Felikss, there was no need to ask around — everyone knew he would be at “Kvēle”.

In February 1918, during the German occupation of Cēsis, the circle’s activities were briefly interrupted — some members were arrested, others placed under police supervision, and rural students returned to their families. But already in March, Felikss Lindiņš re-established contact with Emma Plūme (known as Vētra), a representative of the Bolshevik party’s underground organisation Vidiena. Together with Vētra, a meeting of Cēsis district Bolsheviks was held in the forest behind the barracks, where it was decided to continue “Kvēle’s” revolutionary work underground.

After Soviet representatives returned to Cēsis, “Kvēle” resumed its activities in December 1918, attracting new members from both student and Soviet employee circles. In March 1919, “Kvēle” sent its representatives — Kārlis Martinsons-Miks, Felikss Lindiņš, and Aļis Blanks — to the 1st Congress of Latvian Youth Workers in Riga, where Kārlis and Felikss were elected to the Central Committee.

In May 1919, Felikss Lindiņš, having failed to evacuate from Riga with the Soviet army, was arrested. He was later released due to poor health, but stayed in Latvia, enrolled at the State University, and became actively involved in the progressive student society “Klints”. Most of the active, Bolshevik-minded “Kvēle” members in Cēsis evacuated to Soviet Russia together with party and Soviet workers.

“Kvēle”, though it existed for only a short time, left its mark on the political awakening of Cēsis youth.

Pictured are “Kvēle” members — Vallija Krišfelde, Jānis Jākobsons, Kārlis Blūms, Marija Lars.

This description was put together using materials from:
the collections of Cēsis Museum.

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